World of *Nix

Its been long time i last wrote any post here. Today I am going to show you some use of macports.

Macports – One of the best package manager for mac os x. Its specially helpful for advance user like us, who needs to install lots of *nix packages. And also for developers, to maintain their tools, like apache, php, python, ruby, vi, emacs etc etc. So either you are a advance user or developer, u will like this post.

Here we go:

To use macports, the very first thing you will need to install is the gcc compiler and its helping tool. Don’t get afraid, in mac its very simple to get these tools. Just install the Xcode from your 2nd install DVD, if you don’t have the DVD, you can download it from apple site. it’s free 🙂

After the Xcode is installed get the macports installer dmg from macports.org. Mount the dmg and run the installer. it’s damn simple, but you may have to wait 10-20 minutes to complete the installation (based on your mac configuration).

Congratulation!!! your install processing complete. Now how you will use it.

Install package:

$ sudo port install portname

Searching package:

$ port search packagename

Variants:

A very good feature of macports, you can choice what will be configured/installed along with this package. Like if your installing php5 , you may tell the installer to configure it for apache or fastcgi mode or no_web . That’s the best part of macports. You can pick what you need, and what not. Here is the command format:

$ sudo port variants packagename

this command will give you a possible variants list. you will have to +variants_name after the normal ports install command.

$ sudo port install packagename +variants1 +variants2

Upgrade package:

Upgrade is one of the important reason of using package manger, instate of installing everything separately. You will get all your installed packages almost without any effort.

upgrade a single package:

$ sudo port upgrade packagename

this command will upgrade the package along with the pre-selected variants (if any)

upgrade all packages:

$ sudo port upgrade outdated

This command will upgrade all the outdated application/package to the latest version (of-course you will have to sync ports repo, that i described later.)

Port maintenance:

Though most of the task here, you will do very few time in 2-3 months, but still i am showing it here. As we run one single os for years 🙂

Update repository:

To get the latest changes from port repository. The command is very simple:

$ sudo port sync

Remove inactive ports:

One of the good and bad side of macports is, when u upgrading any existing package, it keep the old versions of the package. After few months of use of macports you may feel the need to clean up the space. Here is the single line command to do it.

$ sudo port uninstall inactive

Cleanup ports:

In long run macports store lots of helping files for the compile process. You may like to run this command sometime after 1-2 months to cleanup some space.

$ sudo port clean –all installed

upgrade macports:

Its even simpler to upgrade your installed ports with single command

$ sudo port selfupdate

or you can check which ports are outdated by running :

$ sudo port outdated

I wrote this post after long time and in very hurry, so there can be some issue or i may missed something. Please let me know, i will fix those.

As i work with some bangla sites, it’s very common problem for me to create eot of bangla true type font. Today i got a really simple solution. Now (As just learned the system) you can create or convert eot from any ttf font from mac or linux with simple one line command.

$ ttf2eot < fontname.ttf > fontname.eot

That’s all!!!! .

Wait, little work left, you have to install ttf2eot :
in mac os x: sudo port install ttf2eot
linux : download the latest source from http://code.google.com/p/ttf2eot/downloads/list , extract it, then run make in the extracted folder. then you good to go. “./ttf2eot < input.ttf > output.eot”

On the first post of this series we learned how to disable etags. in this post we will learn how to enable output compression.

Before enable this, let me introduce what deflate do. deflate is apache module, that main task is to compress all the output before serving or sending to client.

Nowadays most of the browser are enough expert to handle this. Here main technique is , apache will send the output in compressed format, after receiving this output your browser will uncompress it and render the formated output.

This tricks will really improve your site performance, because user will get your site with less time and bandwidth.

Let me give you an example: let’s think if you are using jquery javascript library that size is 94 Kilo bytes, but if you enable the deflate with default configuration, it will be only 14 Kilo bytes. unbelievable right ? believe me, it’s true. And we are using this on our most popular product http://www.somewhereinblog.net .

OK, now i am showing how you will do this:

first of all you need to enable deflate module. You know i am debian fan, so i am giving commands for debian linux, other linux/unix commands will almost same. as ubuntu is comes from debian, these commands will also work for ubuntu

Open a new terminal and give this command.
sudo a2enmod deflate

it will enable deflate. Wait, you are not finish yet. little work left.
create new file called deflate.conf in your apache conf.d folder. and paste the following code:
<Location />

# Insert filter
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

# Netscape 4.x has some problems…
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html

# Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problems
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip

# MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fine
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
# Don’t compress images
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \
\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary

# Make sure proxies don’t deliver the wrong content
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary

</Location>

save the file, and restart apache.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

that’s all. now you can see the different.

**if you have not enabled header module of apache, please remove the line “Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary” from deflate.conf .

For more customization or option of deflate, please visit http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.html

From last few months i am working to optimize our somewhereinblog.net server, because right now we are getting huge amount of hits everyday (1,00,000 + hits). In this series i will describe the tricks that i learned 🙂

On my first post of this searies i will talk about ETag. Before disable this, first we need to know what is ETags. From wikipedia:

An ETag (entity tag) is an HTTP response header returned by an HTTP/1.1 compliant web server used to determine change in content at a given URL. When a new HTTP response contains the same ETag as an older HTTP response, the contents are determined to be the same without further downloading. The header is useful for intermediary devices that perform caching, as well as for client web browsers that cache results. One method of generating the ETag is based on the last modified time of the file and the size of the file.

In certain situations, ETags may not improve the performance of a web application. For instance, some ETag generation schemes incorporate the file’s inode on the system. The file’s inode is unique to the file only on one specific machine. If a site has multiple servers, each with its own copy of the file (i.e. load balancing), then a user’s request for the same file may get served by a different machine. In that case, the inode will almost certainly be different and, if it is used to generate the ETag, it will cause the file to be re-downloaded.

So, this is not always helpfull for all type of sites. Always remember, if you are not using anything, you should not enable or kept enable on server.

Apache by default enable this ETags. We need to disable this to get better performance. Here i am describing the steps for debian and ubuntu linux.

We will take help from mod_header to disable ETags, so first we need to enable the mod_header (apache module)

sudo a2enmod header

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

this command will enable mod_header. Now open /etc/apache2/apache2.conf with your faviourate browser.

sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

then paste the under given code to this apache2.conf file

Header unset ETag
FileETag None

now restart the apache2, and check if it working or not. If every thing OK, then you will not see the etags anymore 🙂

For better understanding i am giving you 2 screenshots.

Before ETag disable

After ETag disable:

If you don’t have root access to server, you still can do this from .htaccess , just copy that code to .htaccess instate of apache conf file.

Ask me if you have any question or problem about ETag.

imagemagick is one of the best library to work with image. recently i have to install it to our production server. here is what i did:

$ apt-get install imagemagick

it downloads the package and all it’s dependences from debian/ubuntu repository, and installed. now i have to install the support of php (as our product running on php)

$ apt-get install php5-imagick

then i restarted the apache server to take effect this new package installation. if your using php4 then the package name should be php4-imagick

$ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

that’s all 🙂

if you need imagemagick for your ruby , you can install the librmagick-ruby package.

**if this post doesn’t answer ur question, please post it in comment, i will try to help as much as possible. thanks for ur time.

Nowadays, lots of php developers are thinking to move their development environment to linux. And I am writing this tutorial for them. As I like Debian GNU/Linux (www.debian.org) best and ubuntu (www.ubutnulinux.org) is now doing great, in this tutorial I am using the commands for debian & ubuntu.

Ok, now starting:

First on all let’s make a list of software a PHP developer need mostly:

1.Apache
2.PHP
3.Mysql
4.PHP IDE

Ok, let’s start with Apache. Debian & ubuntu use APT to manage the packages. You can easily install apache using apt, here is the command

Debian user:

su

Ubuntu user:

sudo su

Rest of the command ar same for both debian & ubuntu.

apt-get install apache2

It will install all the apache2 & all the related packages (software)
If you need to enable mod_rewrite, follow this link
Now install the PHP

Apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

This will install the php5 and configure your apache2 server for PHP. You don’t need to do anything.
Lets test the server, if it working ok.

touch /var/www/info.php

Chown www-data:www-data info.php

Now edit this info.php with your feviourate editor and add write code to show phpinfo():
and now browse http://localhost/info.php from your browser. Now check if all your requested library are installed.
if you need any more library, you can check if it already available on your debian/ubuntu package list.

apt-cache search php5-

then you will get the list of available php5 library. Now simple use this command to install it.

apt-get install php5-gd

(example, if you want to install php5 GD library)

Remember: after installing every extra packages, you must need to restart apache server

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Ok, so you have now apache2 and php5 installed system. Let’s install mysql:

apt-get install mysql-server-5.0 php5-mysql

It will install all the necessary packages to run mysql-server.
Now restart your apache to take effect.
Complete!!!! Server is allmost ready.
Now i am going to derive how you will transfer your old code to this new environment. Belive me it’s too simple, so don’t worry.

First of all copy your source code to /var/www, here is the details procedure:

mkdir /windows

Here we make a folder for C drive of windows to mount.
mount /dev/hda1 /windows
then we mount the C drive to windows folder (here i use hda1 as example, if your hdd is sata then it will be sda1)

cp -r windows/Apache2/htdocs/xyz /var/www

here we copied our xyz site to /var/www (in debian and ubuntu, default apache2 root folder is /var/www)

cd /var/www

chown -R www-data:www-data xyz

Now change the ownership to www-data

Now we need to move the mysql database, there is two way:

1.use phpmyadmin
2.simple copy the database from data folder
I am deriving the 2nd way.

cp -r /windows/Mysql/data/xyz /var/lib/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/xyz

You are done.

PHP Ide for linux environment:

1.Zend ( i personaly use this)
2.PHPEd
3.PHPEclipse
4.quanta plus
5.emacs
6.vi
7.PHPedit

***I know this tutorial needs more edit, please make your comments if you got anything wrong, or missed anything. I want it a cool tutorial for php developers.

Read some reviewed, the best and most affordable php hosting solutions on the market.

Here i am going to describe how to enable mod_rewrite in apache2.2 -specaily for debian.

In default installion of apache2.2 on debian never enable mod_rewrite default. So you may need to enable .

First install the apache2.2 with this command :
debian user please use “su” before start this process
ubuntu user please use “sudo su” before start this process

apt-get install apache2 (it will install apache 2.2)

on current debian system you can enable mod_rewrite with simple command

a2enmod rewrite

old style, you can skip this portion

now use locate to find if the mod_rewrite.so is availble on your server

updatedb
locate mod_rewrite.so


it will found in “/usr/lib/apache2/modules”

new apache follow some folders to enable and disable mods.
so now do this:

cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
touch rewrite.load
gedit rewrite.load (you may use any editor to edit this file)

now paste this following line

LoadModule rewrite_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_rewrite.so

end of old style

Then edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default or /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default (check which one available on your system)

Find the following

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all

and change it to

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride all
Order allow,deny
allow from all

and finally restart Apache

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
or
service apache2 restart

OK, you done 😀

don’t forget to comment, if it works or not.

thanks.

if you like my post, please tweet it, so other also can see this post.

A great post about subversion of hasin brother.

On the new version of subversion 1.4.3 u will need to do some thing more. svn-1.4.3 cann’t be install as service. U have take help from 3rd party tools.

Two of them are:

• SVNService is a free tool written by Magnus Norddahl (not found)
• SrvAny is avaliable free of charge from Microsoft

or u can use “sc” command to add subversion as service..

Here is the example:
sc create svnserve binpath= "c:svnservesvnserve.exe --service --root
c:repos" displayname= "Subversion" depend= tcpip start= auto
These command must be entered as a single line.

Here bindpath is the where the svnserve.exe is installed, –root is the root directory of
repository, displayname is the name that will display on the windows service list, start = auto is used to start this service on system startup.

Hope it will help you 🙂