World of *Nix

As i work with some bangla sites, it’s very common problem for me to create eot of bangla true type font. Today i got a really simple solution. Now (As just learned the system) you can create or convert eot from any ttf font from mac or linux with simple one line command.

$ ttf2eot < fontname.ttf > fontname.eot

That’s all!!!! .

Wait, little work left, you have to install ttf2eot :
in mac os x: sudo port install ttf2eot
linux : download the latest source from http://code.google.com/p/ttf2eot/downloads/list , extract it, then run make in the extracted folder. then you good to go. “./ttf2eot < input.ttf > output.eot”

On the first post of this series we learned how to disable etags. in this post we will learn how to enable output compression.

Before enable this, let me introduce what deflate do. deflate is apache module, that main task is to compress all the output before serving or sending to client.

Nowadays most of the browser are enough expert to handle this. Here main technique is , apache will send the output in compressed format, after receiving this output your browser will uncompress it and render the formated output.

This tricks will really improve your site performance, because user will get your site with less time and bandwidth.

Let me give you an example: let’s think if you are using jquery javascript library that size is 94 Kilo bytes, but if you enable the deflate with default configuration, it will be only 14 Kilo bytes. unbelievable right ? believe me, it’s true. And we are using this on our most popular product http://www.somewhereinblog.net .

OK, now i am showing how you will do this:

first of all you need to enable deflate module. You know i am debian fan, so i am giving commands for debian linux, other linux/unix commands will almost same. as ubuntu is comes from debian, these commands will also work for ubuntu

Open a new terminal and give this command.
sudo a2enmod deflate

it will enable deflate. Wait, you are not finish yet. little work left.
create new file called deflate.conf in your apache conf.d folder. and paste the following code:
<Location />

# Insert filter
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

# Netscape 4.x has some problems…
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html

# Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problems
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip

# MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fine
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
# Don’t compress images
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \
\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary

# Make sure proxies don’t deliver the wrong content
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary

</Location>

save the file, and restart apache.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

that’s all. now you can see the different.

**if you have not enabled header module of apache, please remove the line “Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary” from deflate.conf .

For more customization or option of deflate, please visit http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_deflate.html

From last few months i am working to optimize our somewhereinblog.net server, because right now we are getting huge amount of hits everyday (1,00,000 + hits). In this series i will describe the tricks that i learned 🙂

On my first post of this searies i will talk about ETag. Before disable this, first we need to know what is ETags. From wikipedia:

An ETag (entity tag) is an HTTP response header returned by an HTTP/1.1 compliant web server used to determine change in content at a given URL. When a new HTTP response contains the same ETag as an older HTTP response, the contents are determined to be the same without further downloading. The header is useful for intermediary devices that perform caching, as well as for client web browsers that cache results. One method of generating the ETag is based on the last modified time of the file and the size of the file.

In certain situations, ETags may not improve the performance of a web application. For instance, some ETag generation schemes incorporate the file’s inode on the system. The file’s inode is unique to the file only on one specific machine. If a site has multiple servers, each with its own copy of the file (i.e. load balancing), then a user’s request for the same file may get served by a different machine. In that case, the inode will almost certainly be different and, if it is used to generate the ETag, it will cause the file to be re-downloaded.

So, this is not always helpfull for all type of sites. Always remember, if you are not using anything, you should not enable or kept enable on server.

Apache by default enable this ETags. We need to disable this to get better performance. Here i am describing the steps for debian and ubuntu linux.

We will take help from mod_header to disable ETags, so first we need to enable the mod_header (apache module)

sudo a2enmod header

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

this command will enable mod_header. Now open /etc/apache2/apache2.conf with your faviourate browser.

sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

then paste the under given code to this apache2.conf file

Header unset ETag
FileETag None

now restart the apache2, and check if it working or not. If every thing OK, then you will not see the etags anymore 🙂

For better understanding i am giving you 2 screenshots.

Before ETag disable

After ETag disable:

If you don’t have root access to server, you still can do this from .htaccess , just copy that code to .htaccess instate of apache conf file.

Ask me if you have any question or problem about ETag.

today i passed some time tune my ubuntu gutsy (7.10). at the time of searching on the google i found www.medibuntu.org :). from that site:

Medibuntu (Multimedia, Entertainment & Distractions In Ubuntu) is a repository of packages that cannot be included into the Ubuntu distribution for legal reasons (copyright, license, patent, etc).

their package collection is so interesting. they have:

• acrobat reader
• w32codecs (also w64codecs)
• googleearth
• skype
• etc 🙂

isn’t it interesting  ?

before getting this site, i was really missing my favourite “w32codecs”

to use this repository you have to run these commands (it’s too simple)

first get the repository address:

sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list

then add the gpg key to trusted keyring (so that you will not get warning each time you do something with apt)

wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

too simple !!


thanks www.medibuntu.org for there hard work , to make life more easy :)

I always get question from new linux users how to mount windows partition with read/write permission. That’s why writing this post…

to mount your other partition in linux, first you have to know what is there physical address. you can get this by:

ibrahim@lavluda:~$ su
Password:
lavluda:/home/ibrahim# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 3270 26266243+ c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 3271 3513 1951897+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 3514 5945 19535040 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 5946 14593 69465060 f W95 Ext’d (LBA)
/dev/sda5 8108 10247 17189518+ b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda6 10248 12420 17454591 b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda7 12421 14593 17454591 b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda8 5946 8107 17366202 83 Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order
lavluda:/home/ibrahim#

now open your /etc/fstab with your favourite editor (i prefer nano for console)
and change according to your need. for batter understand you here is my fstab as example.

lavluda:/home/ibrahim#cd /media
lavluda:/home/ibrahim#mkdir c d e f
lavluda:/home/ibrahim# nano /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sda3 / reiserfs notail 0 1
/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
/dev/sda1 /media/c vfat rw,users,umask=000 0 0
/dev/sda5 /media/d vfat rw,users,umask=000 0 0
/dev/sda6 /media/e vfat rw,users,umask=000 0 0
/dev/sda7 /media/f vfat rw,users,umask=000 0 0

now time to mount these partitions 😀

lavluda:/home/ibrahim#mount -a

write comments if you still getting problem 😛

Here i am going to describe how to enable mod_rewrite in apache2.2 -specaily for debian.

In default installion of apache2.2 on debian never enable mod_rewrite default. So you may need to enable .

First install the apache2.2 with this command :
debian user please use “su” before start this process
ubuntu user please use “sudo su” before start this process

apt-get install apache2 (it will install apache 2.2)

on current debian system you can enable mod_rewrite with simple command

a2enmod rewrite

old style, you can skip this portion

now use locate to find if the mod_rewrite.so is availble on your server

updatedb
locate mod_rewrite.so


it will found in “/usr/lib/apache2/modules”

new apache follow some folders to enable and disable mods.
so now do this:

cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
touch rewrite.load
gedit rewrite.load (you may use any editor to edit this file)

now paste this following line

LoadModule rewrite_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_rewrite.so

end of old style

Then edit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default or /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default (check which one available on your system)

Find the following

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all

and change it to

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride all
Order allow,deny
allow from all

and finally restart Apache

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
or
service apache2 restart

OK, you done 😀

don’t forget to comment, if it works or not.

thanks.

if you like my post, please tweet it, so other also can see this post.